A Corneal Ulcer is an open sore or infection on the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. It is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss or blindness if not treated promptly. Corneal ulcers are often caused by infections or injuries and require immediate medical attention.

Causes of Corneal Ulcer

Corneal ulcers can develop due to several factors, including:

• Bacterial infections (most common cause)

• Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus)

• Fungal infections (common after eye injury with plant material)

• Eye injuries or trauma

• Poor contact lens hygiene

• Dry eyes or reduced tear production

Symptoms

Corneal ulcers usually present with noticeable symptoms such as:

• Severe eye pain

• Redness of the eye

• Blurred or reduced vision

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Excessive tearing or discharge

• A visible white or gray spot on the cornea

How It Affects Vision

The cornea plays a key role in focusing light. When it becomes infected or damaged:

• Light cannot pass clearly into the eye

• Vision becomes blurred or distorted

• Scarring may occur, leading to permanent vision loss

Diagnosis

An eye doctor may diagnose a corneal ulcer using:

• Slit lamp examination

• Fluorescein staining to highlight the ulcer

• Laboratory tests to identify the cause of infection

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause but may include:

1. Medications

• Antibiotic eye drops (for bacterial infections)

• Antiviral or antifungal medications

• Pain relief medications

2. Protective Measures

• Avoiding contact lenses during treatment

• Protecting the eye from further injury

3. Surgery (Severe Cases)

• Corneal transplant may be needed if there is severe damage

Prevention

• Maintain proper eye hygiene

• Use contact lenses correctly and keep them clean

• Protect the eyes from injury

• Seek early treatment for any eye infection

• Avoid using unprescribed eye medications

Corneal ulcer is a serious but treatable eye condition when detected early. Prompt medical care is essential to prevent complications and preserve vision. Awareness and proper eye care practices can significantly reduce the risk of developing this condition.